{"id":273,"date":"2025-10-24T01:23:14","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T19:53:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/?p=273"},"modified":"2025-10-24T01:23:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T19:53:25","slug":"%f0%9f%8c%90-indias-role-in-the-global-south-g20-legacy-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/?p=273","title":{"rendered":"\ud83c\udf10 India\u2019s Role in the Global South & G20 Legacy (2025)"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Mumkin Hai IAS Editorial Team<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\ud83d\udd30 Introduction<\/span><\/h2>\n

The year 2025 marks a defining moment<\/strong> for India\u2019s foreign policy.<\/span>
After successfully hosting the G20 Summit in New Delhi (2023)<\/strong> and championing the cause of the Global South<\/strong>, India continues to strengthen its role as a bridge between developed and developing nations<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\ud83c\udf0f \u201cIndia doesn\u2019t represent the Global South \u2014 it amplifies its voice.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

India\u2019s diplomacy in 2025 reflects a confident, pragmatic, and value-based approach \u2014 balancing global leadership ambitions with the priorities of emerging nations.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\ud83d\udcdc Understanding the \u201cGlobal South\u201d<\/span><\/h2>\n

The Global South<\/strong> refers to countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Oceania that share common challenges:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    Colonial legacies<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Economic dependence<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Climate vulnerability<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Developmental disparities<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    These nations form a collective moral and political voice in global forums, demanding equity, reform, and inclusivity<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    \ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf3 India as the Voice of the Global South<\/span><\/h2>\n

    India\u2019s leadership in the Global South is strategic and moral<\/strong> \u2014 rooted in history, geography, and ideology.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd39 Historical Foundation<\/span><\/h3>\n
      \n
    • \n

      Since the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)<\/strong>, India has championed independence and cooperation among developing nations.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      In the 21st century, India has redefined that vision into \u201cmulti-alignment\u201d<\/strong> \u2014 engaging all major powers while defending the interests of the South.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \ud83d\udd39 Key Achievements<\/span><\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. \n

        Voice of the Global South Summit (2023 & 2024)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          Brought together 120+ developing nations.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Focused on energy, digital inclusion, food security, and global governance reforms.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          India positioned itself as a \u201cVishwa Mitra\u201d<\/em> \u2014 friend to all, voice to many.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          India\u2019s G20 Presidency (2023)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            Introduced African Union (AU)<\/strong> as a permanent G20 member \u2014 historic inclusion driven by India.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Highlighted issues of climate finance<\/strong>, digital public infrastructure<\/strong>, and global debt relief<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Showcased India\u2019s model of \u201cHuman-Centric Globalisation.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Leadership in Climate Action<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n

              India co-led the International Solar Alliance (ISA)<\/strong> and Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI)<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              Advocated for climate justice<\/strong> and loss & damage fund<\/strong> for developing nations.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              Digital Diplomacy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n

                Promoted India\u2019s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)<\/strong> \u2014 UPI, Aadhaar, CoWIN \u2014 as open-source models for developing countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                Shared AI and fintech solutions through the India Stack Global Initiative.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \n

                \ud83e\udded India\u2019s G20 Legacy \u2014 The Three Pillars<\/span><\/h2>\n
                \n
                \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                Pillar<\/span><\/th>\nInitiative<\/span><\/th>\nImpact<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                Inclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nAfrican Union\u2019s entry into G20<\/span><\/td>\nBroadened voice of developing world<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Sustainability<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nGreen Development Pact<\/span><\/td>\nFocused on renewable energy and lifestyle for environment (LiFE)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Digital Transformation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nGlobal DPI repository<\/span><\/td>\nPromoted inclusive digital governance<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                \n

                \ud83d\udca1 India\u2019s G20 model is not about power-sharing \u2014 it\u2019s about problem-solving.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                \n

                \u2696\ufe0f Balancing Global Power & National Interest<\/span><\/h2>\n

                India\u2019s leadership in the Global South coexists with its engagements with the US, EU, Japan, and QUAD<\/strong>.<\/span>
                This reflects a \u201cmulti-vector\u201d foreign policy<\/strong> \u2014 flexible yet principled.<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
                \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                Aspect<\/span><\/th>\nIndia\u2019s Position<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                On Climate Change<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nSeeks equity in carbon space and financial responsibility of developed nations.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                On Global Governance<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nCalls for reform in UN Security Council<\/strong>, IMF<\/strong>, and WTO<\/strong>.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                On Development Cooperation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nExpands South-South Cooperation via aid, credit lines, and infrastructure projects.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                On Global Crises (Ukraine, Gaza)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nAdvocates diplomacy, dialogue, and humanitarian approach.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                \n

                \ud83c\udf0d India\u2019s Global South Strategy in 2025<\/span><\/h2>\n
                  \n
                1. \n

                  G20+ and BRICS+ Coordination<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \n

                    Strengthening economic, trade, and climate policy alignment among Global South members.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    Digital South Vision<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \n

                      Promoting low-cost, open-source technology transfers through Digital India Global Connect<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      Global South Research Forum<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \n

                        Collaborative R&D in agriculture, AI, health, and renewable energy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                      • \n

                        South\u2013South Finance & Infrastructure Fund<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • \n

                          Supporting Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Caribbean nations in digital, green, and health projects.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          \n

                          \ud83e\udde0 Analytical Perspective<\/span><\/h2>\n

                          Opportunities<\/span><\/h3>\n
                            \n
                          • \n

                            India\u2019s balanced diplomacy enhances strategic credibility<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n

                            Digital and climate initiatives make India a development model<\/strong> rather than just an aid provider.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n

                            Strengthens India\u2019s claim for UNSC permanent membership<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Challenges<\/span><\/h3>\n
                              \n
                            • \n

                              Competing influence of China\u2019s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)<\/strong> in developing countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              Limited fiscal space for large-scale overseas financing.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              Balancing domestic needs with global commitments.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              Managing expectations from diverse Global South members.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \n

                              \ud83d\udcda UPSC Relevance<\/span><\/h2>\n
                              \n
                              \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                              Paper<\/span><\/th>\nArea<\/span><\/th>\nUse<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                              GS Paper 2<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nInternational Relations<\/span><\/td>\nCase study for India\u2019s foreign policy, multilateralism, and diplomacy.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              Essay Paper<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nGlobalisation, Inequality, International Cooperation<\/span><\/td>\n\u201cIndia as the Voice of the Global South.\u201d<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              Interview<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nCurrent Affairs<\/span><\/td>\nHow India\u2019s G20 legacy and diplomacy strengthen its global standing.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                              \n

                              \ud83e\uddfe Quick Facts<\/span><\/h2>\n
                                \n
                              • \n

                                \ud83c\udf10 G20 Presidency: 2023 (New Delhi Declaration adopted by consensus).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                              • \n

                                \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f African Union added as 21st G20 member \u2014 first expansion in G20 history.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                              • \n

                                \ud83d\udcca India\u2019s DPI model recognized as blueprint for Global South digital inclusion.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                              • \n

                                \ud83d\udcb0 Development partnership portfolio: Over $40 billion<\/strong> in grants and credit lines across 80+ countries.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                              • \n

                                \ud83d\udd4a\ufe0f India\u2019s guiding foreign policy principle: Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam<\/em> \u2014 \u201cOne Earth, One Family, One Future.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                \n

                                \ud83c\udfaf 10 Practice Questions<\/span><\/h2>\n

                                Prelims-Style (MCQs)<\/span><\/h3>\n

                                1\ufe0f\u20e3 The term \u201cGlobal South\u201d refers to:<\/span>
                                A) Developed countries\u2003B) Northern Hemisphere nations\u2003C) Developing & emerging economies\u2003D) European Union nations<\/span>
                                \u2705 Answer:<\/strong> C<\/span><\/p>\n

                                2\ufe0f\u20e3 The inclusion of the African Union into the G20 was proposed by:<\/span>
                                A) USA\u2003B) China\u2003C) India\u2003D) Brazil<\/span>
                                \u2705 Answer:<\/strong> C<\/span><\/p>\n

                                3\ufe0f\u20e3 Which summit is known as \u201cVoice of the Global South\u201d?<\/span>
                                A) BRICS\u2003B) SCO\u2003C) NAM\u2003D) Virtual Summit convened by India<\/span>
                                \u2705 Answer:<\/strong> D<\/span><\/p>\n

                                4\ufe0f\u20e3 The principle of \u201cVasudhaiva Kutumbakam\u201d was used as India\u2019s G20 theme. It translates to:<\/span>
                                A) One Nation, One Leader\u2003B) One Earth, One Family, One Future\u2003C) Global Governance, Shared Prosperity\u2003D) Universal Brotherhood of the North<\/span>
                                \u2705 Answer:<\/strong> B<\/span><\/p>\n

                                5\ufe0f\u20e3 Which of the following is NOT part of India\u2019s Global South engagement?<\/span>
                                A) CDRI\u2003B) ISA\u2003C) QUAD\u2003D) Voice of Global South Summit<\/span>
                                \u2705 Answer:<\/strong> C<\/span><\/p>\n

                                \n

                                Mains-Style<\/span><\/h3>\n

                                6\ufe0f\u20e3 \u201cIndia\u2019s leadership in the Global South reflects its transformation from a balancing power to a bridging power.\u201d<\/em> Discuss.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                7\ufe0f\u20e3 Critically evaluate India\u2019s G20 Presidency outcomes in promoting inclusive global governance.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

                                8\ufe0f\u20e3 Explain how India\u2019s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) model supports the vision of an equitable Global South.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

                                9\ufe0f\u20e3 Discuss how India\u2019s climate diplomacy bridges development and responsibility.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

                                \ud83d\udd1f \u201cIndia\u2019s foreign policy today blends moral leadership with strategic realism.\u201d Elaborate with examples.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

                                \n

                                \ud83c\udfc1 Conclusion<\/span><\/h2>\n

                                India\u2019s proactive engagement with the Global South and its visionary G20 leadership have reshaped global diplomacy<\/strong>.<\/span>
                                It has shown that development, democracy, and diversity can coexist \u2014 offering the world a new model of inclusive globalization<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                \n

                                \u2728 \u201cIndia\u2019s rise is not about dominance; it\u2019s about representation.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                                For UPSC aspirants, this topic offers rich analytical depth<\/strong> \u2014 connecting International Relations, Governance, Economy, and Ethics.<\/span>
                                As the Global South finds its collective voice, India stands at its heart \u2014 leading with dialogue, development, and dignity.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                \n

                                Mumkin Hai IAS \u2014 Where Global Vision Meets National Mission.<\/strong> \ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf3<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                By Mumkin Hai IAS Editorial Team \ud83d\udd30 Introduction The year 2025 marks a defining moment for India\u2019s foreign policy.After successfully hosting the G20 Summit in New Delhi (2023) and championing the cause of the Global South, India continues to strengthen its role as a bridge between developed and developing nations. \ud83c\udf0f \u201cIndia doesn\u2019t represent the…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-international-relations"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=273"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":274,"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273\/revisions\/274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}