{"id":278,"date":"2025-10-24T01:35:08","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T20:05:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/?p=278"},"modified":"2025-10-24T01:35:17","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T20:05:17","slug":"%f0%9f%87%ae%f0%9f%87%b3-india-united-states-relations-in-2025-from-trade-tensions-to-strategic-partnership","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/?p=278","title":{"rendered":"\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf3 India-United States Relations in 2025: From Trade Tensions to Strategic Partnership"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"224\" data-end=\"258\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em data-start=\"224\" data-end=\"258\">By Mumkin Hai IAS Editorial Team<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"260\" data-end=\"263\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"265\" data-end=\"285\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udd30 Introduction<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"286\" data-end=\"851\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The India-US relationship is one of the most consequential diplomatic ties of the 21st century\u2014covering trade, defence, technology, and strategic cooperation.<\/span><br data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"447\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In 2025, this partnership stands at a crossroads: while strategic interests align in areas such as Indo-Pacific security and emerging technologies, serious trade and energy policy friction has emerged, testing its resilience.<\/span><br data-start=\"672\" data-end=\"675\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">For our UPSC aspirants, this issue links GS Paper 2 (International Relations) and GS Paper 3 (Economy &amp; Technology) \u2014 making it a rich topic for answers, essays and interviews.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"853\" data-end=\"856\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"858\" data-end=\"892\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udccc What is Happening in 2025?<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"893\" data-end=\"925\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u26a0 Trade &amp; Tariff Frictions<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"1424\">\n<li data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"1070\">\n<p data-start=\"928\" data-end=\"1070\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The US has imposed steep tariffs on Indian exports, including a 50 % tariff escalation in August 2025. <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/india\/trumps-doubling-tariffs-hits-india-damaging-ties-2025-08-27\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between absolute\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">Wikipedia<\/span><span class=\"-me-1 flex h-full items-center rounded-full px-1 text-[#8F8F8F]\">+4<\/span><\/span><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">Reuters<\/span><span class=\"-me-1 flex h-full items-center rounded-full px-1 text-[#8F8F8F]\">+4<\/span><\/span><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between absolute\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">NDTV Profit<\/span><span class=\"-me-1 flex h-full items-center rounded-full px-1 text-[#8F8F8F]\">+4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1071\" data-end=\"1232\">\n<p data-start=\"1073\" data-end=\"1232\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">These tariffs are partly a reaction to India\u2019s continued imports of Russian oil and concerns about its trade structure. <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2025\/08\/26\/clearly-a-low-moment-u-s-india-relationship-sours-as-new-tariffs-kick-in-00527196?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">Politico<\/span><span class=\"-me-1 flex h-full items-center rounded-full px-1 text-[#8F8F8F]\">+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1233\" data-end=\"1424\">\n<p data-start=\"1235\" data-end=\"1424\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">As a result, labour-intensive Indian sectors (textiles, gems &amp; jewellery) have been hit hard, with export disruptions and costs for Indian exporters. <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ndtvprofit.com\/opinion\/economy-donald-trump-tariffs-india-us-trade-deal-negotiations-protecting-interests?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">NDTV Profit<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"1426\" data-end=\"1469\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83e\udd1d Strategic &amp; Technology Cooperation<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1470\" data-end=\"1873\">\n<li data-start=\"1470\" data-end=\"1673\">\n<p data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1673\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Despite trade tensions, India and the US continue cooperation in defence, emerging technologies (AI, semiconductors) and regional diplomacy (Indo-Pacific, Quad). <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2025\/09\/the-india-us-partnership-will-survive-maybe-even-thrive\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">The Diplomat<\/span><span class=\"-me-1 flex h-full items-center rounded-full px-1 text-[#8F8F8F]\">+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1674\" data-end=\"1873\">\n<p data-start=\"1676\" data-end=\"1873\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">At the same time, India is emphasising its <strong data-start=\"1719\" data-end=\"1741\">strategic autonomy<\/strong>, engaging with multiple partners (Russia, China) while keeping the US relationship central. <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2025\/09\/the-india-us-partnership-will-survive-maybe-even-thrive\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">The Diplomat<\/span><span class=\"-me-1 flex h-full items-center rounded-full px-1 text-[#8F8F8F]\">+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"1875\" data-end=\"1909\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83c\udfaf Long-Term Trade Objective<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1910\" data-end=\"2047\">\n<li data-start=\"1910\" data-end=\"2047\">\n<p data-start=\"1912\" data-end=\"2047\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India and the US have set a target of achieving <strong data-start=\"1960\" data-end=\"1979\">US $500 billion<\/strong> in bilateral trade by 2030. <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/india\/modi-says-us-india-target-500-billion-bilateral-trade-by-2030-2025-02-13\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">Reuters<\/span><span class=\"-me-1 flex h-full items-center rounded-full px-1 text-[#8F8F8F]\">+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2049\" data-end=\"2052\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2054\" data-end=\"2088\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83e\udded Why This Matters for India<\/span><\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"2089\" data-end=\"2817\">\n<li data-start=\"2089\" data-end=\"2241\">\n<p data-start=\"2092\" data-end=\"2241\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"2092\" data-end=\"2117\">Economic Implications<\/strong>: Tariffs erode India\u2019s manufacturing and export ambitions, especially as India seeks to become a global supply-chain hub.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2242\" data-end=\"2399\">\n<p data-start=\"2245\" data-end=\"2399\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"2245\" data-end=\"2271\">Strategic Implications<\/strong>: The India-US partnership is a pillar of India\u2019s Indo-Pacific strategy; deterioration could affect regional security balance.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2400\" data-end=\"2532\">\n<p data-start=\"2403\" data-end=\"2532\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"2403\" data-end=\"2427\">Technology &amp; Defence<\/strong>: Collaboration in semiconductors, 5G\/6G, defence equipment\u2014these depend on trust and free trade flows.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2533\" data-end=\"2678\">\n<p data-start=\"2536\" data-end=\"2678\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"2536\" data-end=\"2557\">Energy &amp; Autonomy<\/strong>: India\u2019s continued ties with Russia on oil present a dilemma in balancing western expectations with national interest.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2679\" data-end=\"2817\">\n<p data-start=\"2682\" data-end=\"2817\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"2682\" data-end=\"2702\">Diplomatic Image<\/strong>: How India manages this relationship while preserving its multi-aligned stance defines its global leadership role.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"2819\" data-end=\"2822\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2824\" data-end=\"2849\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udd0d Analytical Angles<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"2850\" data-end=\"2871\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2705 Opportunities<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2872\" data-end=\"3214\">\n<li data-start=\"2872\" data-end=\"2991\">\n<p data-start=\"2874\" data-end=\"2991\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India can negotiate greater access to US markets, technology transfer and investment by recalibrating trade policy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2992\" data-end=\"3097\">\n<p data-start=\"2994\" data-end=\"3097\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The US sees India as a key strategic partner in countering China, giving Delhi leverage in diplomacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3098\" data-end=\"3214\">\n<p data-start=\"3100\" data-end=\"3214\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India\u2019s capability to supply affordable tech and manufacturing can attract US firms seeking alternatives to China.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"3216\" data-end=\"3234\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u26a0 Challenges<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3235\" data-end=\"3632\">\n<li data-start=\"3235\" data-end=\"3333\">\n<p data-start=\"3237\" data-end=\"3333\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Continuing high tariffs could damage Indian exporters\u2019 competitiveness and lead to job losses.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3334\" data-end=\"3434\">\n<p data-start=\"3336\" data-end=\"3434\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India\u2019s energy security and import policy (e.g., Russian oil) clash with US strategic interests.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3435\" data-end=\"3538\">\n<p data-start=\"3437\" data-end=\"3538\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Risk of trust deficit: if trade and technology issues escalate, strategic cooperation could suffer.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3539\" data-end=\"3632\">\n<p data-start=\"3541\" data-end=\"3632\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Balancing relations with US while working with Russia\/China without alienating any partner.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"3634\" data-end=\"3654\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udd2d Way Forward<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3655\" data-end=\"4246\">\n<li data-start=\"3655\" data-end=\"3794\">\n<p data-start=\"3657\" data-end=\"3794\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India should aim for a <strong data-start=\"3680\" data-end=\"3726\">comprehensive trade &amp; investment agreement<\/strong> with the US that includes technology, manufacturing and services.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3795\" data-end=\"3922\">\n<p data-start=\"3797\" data-end=\"3922\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Use diplomacy to decouple <strong data-start=\"3823\" data-end=\"3848\">strategic cooperation<\/strong> (defence\/tech) from <strong data-start=\"3869\" data-end=\"3887\">trade disputes<\/strong>, preserving overall partnership.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3923\" data-end=\"4045\">\n<p data-start=\"3925\" data-end=\"4045\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Diversify exports, strengthen Indian manufacturing, reduce over-reliance on specific sectors vulnerable to US tariffs.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4046\" data-end=\"4147\">\n<p data-start=\"4048\" data-end=\"4147\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Clarify energy policy and communicate India\u2019s strategic needs to US to minimise misunderstanding.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4148\" data-end=\"4246\">\n<p data-start=\"4150\" data-end=\"4246\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Maintain multi-alignment: Engage with US, but ensure India\u2019s foreign policy remains independent.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4248\" data-end=\"4251\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"4253\" data-end=\"4287\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83d\udcda UPSC Relevance &amp; Use-Cases<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"4289\" data-end=\"4748\">\n<thead data-start=\"4289\" data-end=\"4363\">\n<tr data-start=\"4289\" data-end=\"4363\">\n<th data-start=\"4289\" data-end=\"4305\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Paper<\/span><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"4305\" data-end=\"4363\" data-col-size=\"md\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Use-Case<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"4438\" data-end=\"4748\">\n<tr data-start=\"4438\" data-end=\"4512\">\n<td data-start=\"4438\" data-end=\"4453\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">GS Paper 2<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4453\" data-end=\"4512\" data-col-size=\"md\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India-US bilateral relations, trade diplomacy, strategy<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4513\" data-end=\"4586\">\n<td data-start=\"4513\" data-end=\"4528\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">GS Paper 3<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4528\" data-end=\"4586\" data-col-size=\"md\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Technology collaboration, supply chains, export policy<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4587\" data-end=\"4663\">\n<td data-start=\"4587\" data-end=\"4604\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Essay \/ Ethics<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4604\" data-end=\"4663\" data-col-size=\"md\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cBalancing national interest and strategic partnership\u201d<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4664\" data-end=\"4748\">\n<td data-start=\"4664\" data-end=\"4679\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Interview<\/span><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4679\" data-end=\"4748\" data-col-size=\"md\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">How India can manage friction with the US and still lead globally<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"4750\" data-end=\"4753\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"4755\" data-end=\"4786\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83e\uddfe Quick Facts to Remember<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"4787\" data-end=\"5332\">\n<li data-start=\"4787\" data-end=\"4842\">\n<p data-start=\"4789\" data-end=\"4842\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">US-India trade target: <strong data-start=\"4812\" data-end=\"4839\">US $500 billion by 2030<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4843\" data-end=\"4956\">\n<p data-start=\"4845\" data-end=\"4956\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tariff escalation: Up to <strong data-start=\"4870\" data-end=\"4878\">50 %<\/strong> on many Indian exports (August 2025). <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/india\/trumps-doubling-tariffs-hits-india-damaging-ties-2025-08-27\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">Reuters<\/span><span class=\"-me-1 flex h-full items-center rounded-full px-1 text-[#8F8F8F]\">+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4957\" data-end=\"5079\">\n<p data-start=\"4959\" data-end=\"5079\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Trade slump: Indian exports to US fell by about <strong data-start=\"5007\" data-end=\"5016\">37.5%<\/strong> between May-Sept 2025. <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ndtvprofit.com\/opinion\/economy-donald-trump-tariffs-india-us-trade-deal-negotiations-protecting-interests?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">NDTV Profit<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5080\" data-end=\"5213\">\n<p data-start=\"5082\" data-end=\"5213\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Strategic tech cooperation: US-India Initiative on Critical &amp; Emerging Technology (iCET). <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States%E2%80%93India_Initiative_on_Critical_and_Emerging_Technology?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">Wikipedia<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5214\" data-end=\"5332\">\n<p data-start=\"5216\" data-end=\"5332\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Energy dilemma: India\u2019s continued Russian oil imports despite US pressure. <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/m.economictimes.com\/news\/economy\/foreign-trade\/india-russia-trade-oil-defence-exports-modi-trump-putin-tariffs-economic-ties-sanctions\/articleshow\/124738707.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">The Economic Times<\/span><span class=\"-me-1 flex h-full items-center rounded-full px-1 text-[#8F8F8F]\">+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"5334\" data-end=\"5337\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"5339\" data-end=\"5365\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83c\udfaf Practice Questions<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"5367\" data-end=\"5404\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Multiple-Choice (Prelims Style)<\/span><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"5405\" data-end=\"6411\">\n<li data-start=\"5405\" data-end=\"5573\">\n<p data-start=\"5408\" data-end=\"5573\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India and the US have set a trade target of how much by 2030?<\/span><br data-start=\"5469\" data-end=\"5472\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A) US $300 billion\u2003B) US $400 billion\u2003C) <strong data-start=\"5516\" data-end=\"5535\">US $500 billion<\/strong>\u2003D) US $600 billion<\/span><br data-start=\"5554\" data-end=\"5557\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2705 Answer: C<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5575\" data-end=\"5836\">\n<p data-start=\"5578\" data-end=\"5836\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Which of the following is a major reason cited by the US for imposing higher tariffs on Indian goods in 2025?<\/span><br data-start=\"5687\" data-end=\"5690\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A) India\u2019s visa policy\u2003B) India\u2019s Russian oil purchases\u2003C) India\u2019s agriculture subsidies\u2003D) India\u2019s import duties on US cars<\/span><br data-start=\"5817\" data-end=\"5820\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2705 Answer: B<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5838\" data-end=\"6017\">\n<p data-start=\"5841\" data-end=\"6017\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">India-US cooperation in emerging technologies is structured under which initiative?<\/span><br data-start=\"5924\" data-end=\"5927\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A) iTECH\u2003B) iCET\u2003C) Indo-US Tech Forum\u2003D) Strategic Tech Partnership<\/span><br data-start=\"5998\" data-end=\"6001\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2705 Answer: B<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6019\" data-end=\"6159\">\n<p data-start=\"6022\" data-end=\"6159\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A fall of about 37.5% was recorded in Indian goods exports to the US between May and September 2025. True or False?<\/span><br data-start=\"6137\" data-end=\"6140\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2705 Answer: True<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6161\" data-end=\"6411\">\n<p data-start=\"6164\" data-end=\"6411\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Which of the following BEST describes India\u2019s foreign-policy approach with respect to the US?<\/span><br data-start=\"6257\" data-end=\"6260\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A) Alliance only with US\u2003B) Isolation from US\u2003C) Multi-alignment with US, Russia and China\u2003D) Non-alignment with all major powers<\/span><br data-start=\"6392\" data-end=\"6395\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2705 Answer: C<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 data-start=\"6413\" data-end=\"6440\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mains-Style Questions<\/span><\/h3>\n<ol start=\"6\" data-start=\"6441\" data-end=\"7168\">\n<li data-start=\"6441\" data-end=\"6602\">\n<p data-start=\"6444\" data-end=\"6602\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em data-start=\"6444\" data-end=\"6600\">\u201cAnalyse the main sources of trade tension between India and the US in 2025. How can India protect its interests while maintaining strategic partnership?\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6603\" data-end=\"6720\">\n<p data-start=\"6606\" data-end=\"6720\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em data-start=\"6606\" data-end=\"6718\">\u201cDiscuss how the India-US strategic partnership in the Indo-Pacific depends on the health of trade relations.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6721\" data-end=\"6849\">\n<p data-start=\"6724\" data-end=\"6849\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em data-start=\"6724\" data-end=\"6847\">\u201cEvaluate India\u2019s strategy of multi-alignment in the 2025 global context \u2014 balancing ties with the US, Russia and China.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6850\" data-end=\"7005\">\n<p data-start=\"6853\" data-end=\"7005\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em data-start=\"6853\" data-end=\"7003\">\u201cTechnology and manufacturing are central to India-US cooperation. How should India negotiate to gain access while safeguarding national interests?\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7006\" data-end=\"7168\">\n<p data-start=\"7010\" data-end=\"7168\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em data-start=\"7010\" data-end=\"7168\">\u201cIn view of recent tariffs and trade tensions, propose pathways for India to optimise its relationship with the US without compromising strategic autonomy.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"7170\" data-end=\"7173\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"7175\" data-end=\"7193\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\ud83c\udfc1 Conclusion<\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"7194\" data-end=\"7657\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The India-US relationship in 2025 is marked by dual realities: strategic convergence and trade discord.<\/span><br data-start=\"7297\" data-end=\"7300\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">For India, the challenge is to <strong data-start=\"7331\" data-end=\"7359\">leverage the partnership<\/strong> in defence, technology and global leadership, while safeguarding its economic interests and strategic autonomy.<\/span><br data-start=\"7471\" data-end=\"7474\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">From a UPSC perspective, this topic is a microcosm of how foreign policy, trade diplomacy and national strategy interlink. Use it to craft insightful answers, essays and interviews.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7659\" data-end=\"7733\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong data-start=\"7659\" data-end=\"7726\">Mumkin Hai IAS \u2014 Where Strategic Thinking Meets Exam Readiness.<\/strong> \ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf3<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Mumkin Hai IAS Editorial Team \ud83d\udd30 Introduction The India-US relationship is one of the most consequential diplomatic ties of the 21st century\u2014covering trade, defence, technology, and strategic cooperation.In 2025, this partnership stands at a crossroads: while strategic interests align in areas such as Indo-Pacific security and emerging technologies, serious trade and energy policy friction&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-international-relations"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=278"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":280,"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278\/revisions\/280"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mumkinhaiias.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}