🔹 Introduction The 1947 Partition of British India did more than redraw borders — it reshaped millions of lives, altered geopolitics, and left a legacy that continues to influence South Asia’s security landscape.One of its most enduring off-shoots is the Kashmir dispute, which became both a symbol and a flashpoint of the unfinished political settlement…
🔹 Introduction History, in India, is more than a record of the past — it is a battleground of ideas, identities, and interpretations. In October 2025, a controversy erupted when royal heirs from Rajasthan objected to a map in an NCERT Class 8 social science textbook that depicted their erstwhile princely states under Maratha control…
By Mumkin Hai IAS Editorial Team 🔰 Introduction The 19th century was a period of intellectual awakening and moral resurgence in India.As British colonialism reshaped society, Indian thinkers began to re-examine traditions, question superstitions, and modernize their faiths. This era gave birth to powerful reform movements that became the bridge between India’s medieval past and…
🔹 Introduction The Revolt of 1857 is considered the first major challenge to British colonial rule in India. It began as a sepoy mutiny but transformed into a widespread uprising, uniting various sections of Indian society under a common cause — freedom. 🔹 Causes of the Revolt 1. Political British annexations under the Doctrine of…
1. Background 18th century: Indian society had orthodox practices like sati, child marriage, female infanticide, untouchability, caste rigidity, superstitions. 19th century: British rule brought Western education, liberal ideas, missionaries, and modern science. Reformers tried to revive ancient Indian values + remove social evils. Movements had two trends: Reformist movements → worked for modernization, rationalism, social…
1. Background Land revenue was the main source of income for the British in India. Almost 50%–60% of revenue came from land tax. Different systems were introduced in different regions depending on local conditions, experiments, and political needs. 2. Major Land Revenue Systems (A) Permanent Settlement (1793) Introduced by Lord Cornwallis in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa. Features: Revenue fixed…